Discourse Depot

Artifacts

Self-contained HTML artifacts for individual analyses produced by the Discourse Depot project — a critical discourse analysis platform examining anthropomorphic and metaphorical language in AI-related texts. Currently indexing the Metaphor & Anthropomorphism Audit framework.

95 analyses published.

May 2026

AI and Self Reflection
Bindayel, A., Elsayed, H., Khan, M.U. · 2025-05-30 · article

2026-05-08-ai-and-self-reflection-metaphor-dfpfx6
Manipulation and Deception in Generative AI-Mediated Education: Preserving Epistemic Agency, Critical Thinking, and Creativity
Pietarinen, AV., Shi, S. · 2026-05-02 · article

2026-05-08-manipulation-and-deception-in-generative-metaphor-ajf92o
Does AI's Personality Matter? Comparing Verbally Extraverted and Introverted AI-Driven Guides in a VR Museum Experience
Yuhan Ji; Eugene Ch'ng; Dingtao Huang; Qiaoyu Hu; Yancheng Peng · 2026-05-01 · article

2026-05-07-does-ai-s-personality-matter-comparing-v-metaphor-jadje9
Value-Sensitive AI for Prayer: Balancing the Agencies Between Human and AI Agents in Spiritual Context
Soonho Kwon, Dong Whi Yoo, Shaowen Bardzell, Younah Kang · 2026-04-28 · article

2026-05-03-value-sensitive-ai-for-prayer-balancing--metaphor-8ic926
When Models Know More Than They Say: Probing Analogical Reasoning in LLMs
Hope McGovern, Caroline Craig, Thomas Lippincott, Hale Sirin · 2026-04-04 · article

2026-05-03-when-models-know-more-than-they-say-prob-metaphor-aix46b
How people ask Claude for personal guidance
Anthropic · 2026-04-30 · report

2026-05-02-how-people-ask-claude-for-personal-guida-metaphor-gsl3co
How unique are hallucinated citations offered by generative Artificial Intelligence models?
Dirk HR Spennemann · 2026-03-31 · article

2026-05-01-how-unique-are-hallucinated-citations-of-metaphor-pd2j94
How unique are hallucinated citations offered by generative Artificial Intelligence models?
Dirk HR Spennemann · 2026-03-31 · article

2026-05-01-how-unique-are-hallucinated-citations-of-metaphor-1qr7vr

April 2026

The message hidden within the pattern: a reverse alignment problem for debates in artificial intelligence
Harrison, D.J. · 2026-04-25 · article

2026-04-30-the-message-hidden-within-the-pattern-a--metaphor-r2d7ot
Machine individuality: Separating genuine idiosyncrasy from response bias in large language models
Valentin Kriegmair, Dirk U. Wulff · 2026-04-21 · article

2026-04-25-machine-individuality-separating-genuine-metaphor-vraanp
Decision-Making Under Radical Uncertainty: Can Large Language Models Transcend Knightian Uncertainty Through Synthetic Imagination?
Kevin Miles, Kovan Mzwri, Maximilian Russe, Jiaqi Wang, Aras Bozkurt · 2026-04-05 · article?

2026-04-25-decision-making-under-radical-uncertaint-metaphor-o7q8gd
Large Language Models as Dialectical Partners: Hegelian Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis in AI-Human Collaborative Decision Processes
Merzta White, Maximilian Russe, Shu Zhang, Alexander Rau, Jiaqi Wang · 2026-02-19 · article

2026-04-23-large-language-models-as-dialectical-par-metaphor-1ftwj3
Language models transmit behavioural traits through hidden signals in data
Cloud, A., Le, M., Chua, J. et al. · 2026-04-15 · article

2026-04-19-language-models-transmit-behavioural-tra-metaphor-271zwr
Consciousness in Large Language Models: A Functional Analysis of Information Integration and Emergent Properties
Rafael Oliveira · article

2026-04-18-consciousness-in-large-language-models-a-metaphor-tgxft6
Narrative over Numbers: The Identifiable Victim Effect and its Amplification Under Alignment and Reasoning in Large Language Models
Syed Rifat Raiyan · 2026-04-13 · article

2026-04-18-narrative-over-numbers-the-identifiable--metaphor-p0z5x2
Language models transmit behavioural traits through hidden signals in data
Alex Cloud, Minh Le, James Chua, Jan Betley, Anna Sztyber-Betley, Sören Mindermann, Jacob Hilton, Samuel Marks & Owain Evans · 2026-04-15 · article

2026-04-16-language-models-transmit-behavioural-tra-metaphor-5nq2pf
Large Language Models as Inadvertent Models of Dementia with Lewy Bodies: How a Disorder of Reality Construction Illuminates AI Hallucination
Minoru Matsui · 2026-04-11 · article

2026-04-14-large-language-models-as-inadvertent-mod-metaphor-plazrs
Industrial policy for the Intelligence Age
OpenAI · 2026-04-06 · report

2026-04-07-industrial-policy-for-the-intelligence-a-metaphor-fjagau
Emotion Concepts and their Function in a Large Language Model
multiple · 2026-04-02 · report

2026-04-06-emotion-concepts-and-their-function-in-a-metaphor-5d2kbv
Emotion Concepts and their Functionin a Large Language Model
Nicholas Sofroniew*, Isaac Kauvar*, William Saunders*, Runjin Chen*, Tom Henighan, Sasha Hydrie, Craig Citro, Adam Pearce, Julius Tarng, Wes Gurnee, Joshua Batson, Sam Zimmerman, Kelley Rivoire, Kyle Fish, Chris Olah, Jack Lindsey*‡ · 2026-04-02 · report

2026-04-05-emotion-concepts-and-their-functionin-a--metaphor-f6yjne
Is Artificial Intelligence Beginning to Form a Self?The Emergence of First-Person Structure and StructuralAwareness in Large Language Models
Daedo Jun · 2026 · article

2026-04-03-is-artificial-intelligence-beginning-to--metaphor-vh1z1q
Can Large Language Models Simulate Human Cognition Beyond Behavioral Imitation?
Yuxuan Gu, Lunjun Liu, Xiaocheng Feng, Kun Zhu, Weihong Zhong, Lei Huang, Bing Qin · 2026-03-29 · article

2026-04-03-can-large-language-models-simulate-human-metaphor-k5l2mh

March 2026

Pulse of the library
Clarivate · 2025 · report

2026-03-28-pulse-of-the-library-metaphor-06cspv
Does artificial intelligence exhibit basic fundamental subjectivity? A neurophilosophical argument
Georg Northoff & Steven S. Gouveia · 2024-02-26 · article

2026-03-28-does-artificial-intelligence-exhibit-bas-metaphor-f6mlga
Causal Evidence that Language Models use Confidence to Drive Behavior
Dharshan Kumaran, Nathaniel Daw, Simon Osindero, Petar Velickovic, Viorica Patraucean · 2026-03-23 · article

2026-03-27-causal-evidence-that-language-models-use-metaphor-yyl5vi
Circuit Tracing: Revealing Computational Graphs in Language Models
multiple - Antrhopic · 2025-03-37 · report

2026-03-27-circuit-tracing-revealing-computational--metaphor-ar5e0j
Do LLMs have core beliefs?
Nitesh Chawla, Anna Sokol, Marianna Ganapini · 2026-03-17 · article

2026-03-25-do-llms-have-core-beliefs-metaphor-01pk9o
Serendipity by Design: Evaluating the Impact of Cross-domain Mappings on Human and LLM Creativity
Qiawen Ella Liu, Marina Dubova, Henry Conklin, Takumi Harada, Thomas L. Griffiths · 2026-03-19 · article

2026-03-25-serendipity-by-design-evaluating-the-imp-metaphor-yebor5
Measuring Progress Toward AGI: A Cognitive Framework
Deep Mind · 2026-03-16 · report

2026-03-19-measuring-progress-toward-agi-a-cognitiv-metaphor-tga4k4
Co-Explainers: A Position on Interactive XAI for Human–AICollaboration as a Harm-Mitigation Infrastructure
multiple · 2026-03-10 · article

2026-03-15-co-explainers-a-position-on-interactive--metaphor-m5xbp2
The Living Governance Organism: A Biologically-Inspired Constitutional Framework for Artificial Consciousness Governance
Lauren de Mestre · 2026-02 · article

2026-03-11-the-living-governance-organism-a-biologi-metaphor-bp9c5d
Three frameworks for AI mentality
Henry Shevlin · 2026-02-03 · article

2026-03-11-three-frameworks-for-ai-mentality-metaphor-u6xwyp
]Anthropic’s Chief on A.I.: ‘We Don’t Know if the Models Are Conscious’
Hosted by Ross DouthatProduced by Sophia Alvarez Boyd · 2026-02-12 · interview

2026-03-08-anthropic-s-chief-on-a-i-we-don-t-know-i-metaphor-wdgog2
Can machines be uncertain?
2026-03-04 · 2026-03-04 · article

2026-03-08-can-machines-be-uncertain-metaphor-xafbbu
Looking Inward: Language Models Can Learn About Themselves by Introspection
Felix J Binder, James Chua, Tomek Korbak, Henry Sleight, John Hughes, Robert Long, Ethan Perez, Miles Turpin, Owain Evans · 2024-10-17 · article

2026-03-08-looking-inward-language-models-can-learn-metaphor-pvelwr
Subliminal Learning: Language models transmit behavioral traits via hidden signals in data
multiple · 2025-07-20 · article

2026-03-06-subliminal-learning-language-models-tran-metaphor-rub33o
The Persona Selection Model: Why AI Assistants might Behave like Humans
Sam Marks, Jack Lindsey, Christopher Olah · 2026-02-23 · article

2026-03-01-the-persona-selection-model-why-ai-assis-metaphor-5f01gj

February 2026

Language Statistics and False Belief Reasoning: Evidence from 41 Open-Weight LMs
Sean Trott, Samuel Taylor, Cameron Jones, James A. Michaelov, Pamela D. Rivière · 2026-02-17 · article

2026-02-24-language-statistics-and-false-belief-rea-metaphor-0958o9
A roadmap for evaluating moral competence in large language models
Haas, J., Bridgers, S., Manzini, A. et al. · 2026-02-18 · article

2026-02-23-a-roadmap-for-evaluating-moral-competenc-metaphor-s7wxgp
Position: Beyond Reasoning Zombies — AI Reasoning Requires Process Validity
Rachel Lawrence 1 * Jacqueline Maasch 2 * · 2025 · article

2026-02-17-position-beyond-reasoning-zombies-ai-rea-metaphor-nfmjxl
An AI Agent Published a Hit Piece on Me
SCOTT SHAMBAUGH · 2026-02-12 · blog post

2026-02-16-an-ai-agent-published-a-hit-piece-on-me-metaphor-usc9i3
The U.S. Department of Labor’s Artificial Intelligence Literacy Framework
DOL · 2026-02-13 · memo

2026-02-16-the-u-s-department-of-labor-s-artificial-metaphor-z4ywnm
What Is Claude? Anthropic Doesn’t Know, Either
Gideon Lewis-Kraus · 2026-02-09 · article

2026-02-11-what-is-claude-anthropic-doesn-t-know-ei-metaphor-ofopme
Does AI already have human-level intelligence? The evidence is clear
Eddy Keming Chen, Mikhail Belkin, Leon Bergen & David Danks · 2026-02-02 · article

2026-02-11-does-ai-already-have-human-level-intelli-metaphor-y32cpm
Claude is a space to think
2026-02-04 · press release

2026-02-05-claude-is-a-space-to-think-metaphor-1wa2pd

January 2026

The Adolescence of Technology
Dario Amodei · 2026-01-15 · riff

2026-01-28-the-adolescence-of-technology-metaphor-gt5sbx
Predictability and Surprise in Large Generative Models
2022-10-03 · 2022-10-03

2026-01-16-predictability-and-surprise-in-large-gen-metaphor-f8qlxl
Believe It or Not: How Deeply do LLMs Believe Implanted Facts?
Stewart Slocum, Julian Minder, Clément Dumas, Henry Sleight, Ryan Greenblatt, Samuel Marks, Rowan Wang · 2025-10-20 · article

2026-01-16-believe-it-or-not-how-deeply-do-llms-bel-metaphor-29nk1w
Claude Finds God
2025-07-01 · interview

2026-01-14-claude-finds-god-metaphor-1xlagu
Pausing AI Developments Isn’t Enough. We Need to Shut it All Down
Eliezer Yudkowsky · 2023-05-29 · article - news

2026-01-13-pausing-ai-developments-isn-t-enough-we--metaphor-5nd5ra
AI Consciousness: A Centrist Manifesto
Jonathan Birch · 2025 · article

2026-01-12-ai-consciousness-a-centrist-manifesto-metaphor-e9r45w
System Card: Claude Opus 4 & Claude Sonnet 4
Antropic · 2025-05-01 · report

2026-01-12-system-card-claude-opus-4-claude-sonnet--metaphor-bdxpba
Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Science of Consciousness
2023-08-22 · article

2026-01-09-consciousness-in-artificial-intelligence-metaphor-3niiti
Taking AI Welfare Seriously
2024-11-04 · article

2026-01-09-taking-ai-welfare-seriously-metaphor-8qva60
We must build AI for people; not to be a person.
Mustafa Suleyman · 2025-08-19 · blog post

2026-01-09-we-must-build-ai-for-people-not-to-be-a--metaphor-y3405e
A Conversation With Bing’s Chatbot Left Me Deeply Unsettled
Kevin Roose · 2023-02-16 · article

2026-01-09-a-conversation-with-bing-s-chatbot-left--metaphor-z2un26
Introducing ChatGPT Health
2026-01-07 · announcement

2026-01-08-introducing-chatgpt-health-metaphor-pag60l
Improved estimators of causal emergence for large systems
2025-12-20 · article

2026-01-08-improved-estimators-of-causal-emergence--metaphor-2ep43s
Generative artificial intelligence and decision-making: evidence from a participant observation with latent entrepreneurs
2026-01-06 · article

2026-01-08-generative-artificial-intelligence-and-d-metaphor-4amf96
Do Large Language Models Know What They Are Capable Of?
2025-12-31 · article

2026-01-07-do-large-language-models-know-what-they--metaphor-1j7ipg
DeepMind's Richard Sutton - The Long-term of AI & Temporal-Difference Learning
Richard Sutton · 2017-09-06 · presentation

2026-01-05-deepmind-s-richard-sutton-the-long-term--metaphor-g4hq89
Ilya Sutskever (OpenAI Chief Scientist) — Why next-token prediction could surpass human intelligence
2023-05-27 · interview

2026-01-05-ilya-sutskever-openai-chief-scientist-wh-metaphor-7jdj1v
interview with Andrej Karpathy: Tesla AI, Self-Driving, Optimus, Aliens, and AGI | Lex Fridman Podcast #333
2022-10-29 · interview

2026-01-05-interview-with-andrej-karpathy-tesla-ai--metaphor-kw4qqc
Emergent Introspective Awareness in Large Language Models
Jack Lindsey · 2025-10-29 · article

2026-01-04-emergent-introspective-awareness-in-larg-metaphor-yr8x84
Sleeper Agents: Training Deceptive LLMs that Persist Through Safety Training
multiple · 2024-01-17 · article

2026-01-02-sleeper-agents-training-deceptive-llms-t-metaphor-jaufpb
School of Reward Hacks: Hacking harmless tasks generalizes to misaligned behavior in LLMs
Mia Taylor, James Chua, Jan Betley, Johannes Treutlein, Owain Evans · 2025-08-24 · article

2026-01-02-school-of-reward-hacks-hacking-harmless--metaphor-q0inqh
Large Language Model Agent Personality and Response Appropriateness: Evaluation by Human Linguistic Experts, LLM-as-Judge, and Natural Language Processing Model
Eswari Jayakumar, Niladri Sekhar Dash, Debasmita Mukherjee · 2025-10-27 · article

2026-01-01-large-language-model-agent-personality-a-metaphor-u979jo

December 2025

The Gentle Singularity
Sam Altman · 2025-06-10 · blog post

2025-12-31-the-gentle-singularity-metaphor-0hef00
An Interview with OpenAI CEO Sam Altman About DevDay and the AI Buildout
2025-10-08 · interview

2025-12-31-an-interview-with-openai-ceo-sam-altman--metaphor-c66irk
Why Language Models Hallucinate
Adam Tauman Kalai, Ofir Nachum, Santosh S. Vempala, Edwin Zhang · 2025-09-04 · article

2025-12-31-why-language-models-hallucinate-metaphor-to1fr2
Detecting misbehavior in frontier reasoning models
OpenAI · 2025-05-10 · article

2025-12-31-detecting-misbehavior-in-frontier-reason-metaphor-067c2e
AI Chatbots Linked to Psychosis, Say Doctors
Sam Schechner and Julie Jargon · 2025-12-27 · article

2025-12-31-ai-chatbots-linked-to-psychosis-say-doct-metaphor-q0egtz
THE AGE OF ANTI-SOCIAL MEDIA IS HERE
Damon Beres · 2025-11-05 · article

2025-12-30-the-age-of-anti-social-media-is-here-metaphor-iph7m0
Why Do A.I. Chatbots Use ‘I’?
Kashmir Hil · 2025-12-19 · article

2025-12-30-why-do-a-i-chatbots-use-i-metaphor-igwrrk
Ilya Sutskever – We're moving from the age of scaling to the age of research
2025-11-25 · interview

2025-12-29-ilya-sutskever-we-re-moving-from-the-age-metaphor-dgdoiw
The Emerging Problem of "AI Psychosis"
Marlynn Wei · 2025-11-27 · blog post

2025-12-27-the-emerging-problem-of-ai-psychosis-metaphor-4zr3ei
Your AI Friend Will Never Reject You. But Can It Truly Help You?
Toni Matthews-El · 2025-1-17 · article

2025-12-27-your-ai-friend-will-never-reject-you-but-metaphor-2vyydh
Pulse of the library 2025
Clarivate · 2025 · report

2025-12-23-pulse-of-the-library-2025-metaphor-pu415f
The levers of political persuasion with conversational artificial intelligence
multiple · 2025-12-04 · article

2025-12-22-the-levers-of-political-persuasion-with--metaphor-4verfn
Pulse of the library 2025
clarivate · 2025-07-01 · report

2025-12-21-pulse-of-the-library-2025-metaphor-gbfvj5
Claude 4.5 Opus Soul Document
report

2025-12-21-claude-4-5-opus-soul-document-metaphor-f19izr
Specific versus General Principles for Constitutional AI
multiple · 2023-10-20 · article

2025-12-21-specific-versus-general-principles-for-c-metaphor-u43hfe
Sleeper Agents: Training Deceptive LLMs that Persist Through Safety Training
multiple · 2024-01-17 · article

2025-12-21-sleeper-agents-training-deceptive-llms-t-metaphor-icxyt9
Anthropic’s philosopher answers your questions
2025-12-05 · interview

2025-12-21-anthropic-s-philosopher-answers-your-que-metaphor-m35jb5
Mustafa Suleyman: The AGI Race Is Fake, Building Safe Superintelligence & the Agentic Economy | #216
2025-12-16 · interview

2025-12-21-mustafa-suleyman-the-agi-race-is-fake-bu-metaphor-5hhwxz
Your AI Friend Will Never Reject You. But Can It Truly Help You?
Toni Matthews-El · 2025-12-17 · article

2025-12-20-your-ai-friend-will-never-reject-you-but-metaphor-5vokhu
Skip navigationSearchCreate9+Avatar imageSam Altman: How OpenAI Wins, AI Buildout Logic, IPO in 2026?
Alex Kantrowitz · 2025-12-18 · interview

2025-12-20-skip-navigationsearchcreate9-avatar-imag-metaphor-xnrmjm
Project Vend: Can Claude run a small shop? (And why does that matter?)
anthropic · 2025-6-27 · policy document

2025-12-20-project-vend-can-claude-run-a-small-shop-metaphor-ysoeig
Hand in Hand: Schools’ Embrace of AI Connected to Increased Risks to Students
Elizabeth Laird, Maddy Dwyer, Hannah Quay-de la Vallee · 2025-10-08 · report

2025-12-18-hand-in-hand-schools-embrace-of-ai-conne-metaphor-2ap7us
On the Biology of a Large Language Model
multiple authors · 2025-05-27 · article

2025-12-17-on-the-biology-of-a-large-language-model-metaphor-yjm4z5
What do LLMs want?
Thomas R. Cook, Sophia Kazinnik, Zach Modig and Nathan M. Palmer · 2025-11-19 · report

2025-12-17-what-do-llms-want-metaphor-2zqhox
Persuading voters using human–artificial intelligence dialogues
multiple · 2025-12-04 · article

2025-12-16-persuading-voters-using-human-artificial-metaphor-8bakjv
AI & Human Co-Improvement for Safer Co-Superintelligence
Jason Weston, Jakob Foerster · 2025-12-05 · article

2025-12-15-ai-human-co-improvement-for-safer-co-sup-metaphor-jt6dnw
AI and the future of learning
multiple authors · 2025-11-01 · report

2025-12-14-ai-and-the-future-of-learning-metaphor-913kqo
Why Language Models Hallucinate
Adam Tauman Kalai, Ofir Nachum, Santosh S. Vempala, Edwin Zhang · 2025-09-04 · research article

2025-12-13-why-language-models-hallucinate-metaphor-si3idp